There are four microclimate elements that can directly affect livestock productivity, namely temperature, humidity, radiation, and wind speed, while the other two elements, evaporation and rainfall, affect livestock productivity indirectly. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of building structure and temperature of the cage on the level of milk production of dairy cows. The research location in Enrekang Regency which included in the highlands in South Sulawesi Province. The number of samples used is 35 samples from 50 existing cattle pens with purposive sampling technique. Data collection through direct measurements, observations, questionnaires and interviews. The results obtained there is no significant difference in temperature and humidity of the air in the cage and outside the cage. Temperature shifts from the comfortable range in cattle are sure to experience both hot stress (hyperthermia) and cold stress (hypothermia). Dairy cows need a place to live according to their needs. The cows cannot place in the same cage building because it will affect their health. The cage made primarily as a building for the management of dairy cows and its security against theft and predators

Vale S.A. is the largest iron ore mining company in the world. On January 25, 2019, Dam1 of Vale’s Corrego do Feijao iron-ore mine in Brazil collapsed. The dam was built upstream on a mountain in order to contain mining waste or tailings, which are made up of dirt, rocks and bits of ore that are dumped into a dam reservoir. The mining waste was estimated to be travelling as fast as 50 miles an hour downhill toward the city of Brumadinho. The mining waste killed 270 people within minutes, and it is the deadliest mining disaster of its type in more than 50 years. Mine sediment from the dam was found as far away as 119 miles from the dam. There were several causes for the dam’s failure including: the use of cheap materials, Vale’s managers ignoring warnings of structural problems, and monitoring equipment that was no longer working. Both Vale and its safety inspector TUV SUD are under criminal investigations for their actions leading up to the dam collapse

Fuel wood extraction and its implication for the environment and development have been on increase worldwide. It is a known fact that the utilization of fuel wood in Nigeria contributes greatly to desertification, deforestation and consequently has implications with regard to climate change. Very little is however known on the situation in Gombe State, more especially the extent of the socio-economic impacts. This study focuses on the assessment of socio-economic impacts of fuel wood exploitation on the source areas of the study area. This was achieved through examining the patterns, levels and temporal variation of fuel wood supply between seasons; the empirical estimate of daily harvest and supply of fuel wood to various parts of the country from the sources in Gombe state, Nigeria. Four forest reserves were selected and five sites and communities in each of them were picked based on a checklist. Determinants of fuel wood such as quantity of fuel wood per kilogram per week were observed. Interview, focus group discussions (FGD) and questionnaire surveys were used to generate data from the respondents on the impacts of the exploitation on the socio-economy settings of the source areas. The environmental impact was assessed by conducting time-series analyses of satellite imageries such as LANDSATS over a period of ten years (2006-2016). The results show that there are more negative impacts and the destruction was caused more by land clearing for agricultural production. That affects the socio-economic life of the people both positively and negatively. Recommendations were made at the end of the study, based on the findings.